Levetiracetam (Keppra)
Generic Name: Levetiracetam
Brand Names: Keppra, Keppra XR
Drug Class: Anti-seizure medication (SV2A binder)
Primary Uses: Focal seizures, generalized seizures, myoclonic seizures
Common Side Effects: Sleepiness, dizziness, weakness, irritability, mood changes
What is Levetiracetam?
Levetiracetam is a commonly prescribed anti-seizure medication for both children and adults. It is often chosen as a first-line treatment because it is generally well-tolerated, has few drug interactions, and does not usually require blood level monitoring.
How It Works
Levetiracetam works by binding to a protein called SV2A in the brain, which helps regulate the release of neurotransmitters. This mechanism helps prevent abnormal electrical activity that can cause seizures.
Who Might Take This Medication?
Levetiracetam is FDA-approved for:
- Focal (partial) seizures in adults and children 1 month and older
- Primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in adults and children 6 years and older
- Myoclonic seizures in adults and children 12 years and older
It is also sometimes used off-label for other seizure types under medical supervision.
Common Side Effects
Most people tolerate levetiracetam well, especially after the first few weeks. Common side effects include:
- Sleepiness or fatigue (especially when starting)
- Dizziness
- Weakness
- Headache
- Irritability
Some patients who experience mild mood or behavioral side effects may benefit from pyridoxine (vitamin B6) supplementation. Discuss with your healthcare provider before starting any supplement.
Less common but important side effects:
- Behavioral changes, such as hyperactivity, agitation, or aggression
- Mood changes, including feelings of depression, anxiety, or suicidal thoughts
- Coordination problems
If you experience concerning behavioral or mood changes, contact your healthcare provider promptly.
Monitoring and Special Considerations
- Blood levels are not routinely required, but your doctor may check them in some situations.
- Adjustments may be needed for children or people with kidney problems.
- Levetiracetam is generally considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but discuss with your doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How long does it take to work?
A: Levetiracetam often works quickly, sometimes within a few days, but full seizure control may take several weeks depending on dose adjustments.
Q: What if I miss a dose?
A: Take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not double doses. If you miss several doses, call your doctor before restarting.
Q: Can levetiracetam affect my mood or behavior?
A: Yes. Some people may experience irritability, agitation, or depression. Report any concerning changes to your healthcare provider promptly.
Q: Can I drink alcohol while taking levetiracetam?
A: Alcohol may increase drowsiness and lower seizure threshold. Moderation is recommended, and discuss any concerns with your doctor.
Q: Will this medication affect my weight?
A: Levetiracetam is generally considered weight-neutral.
Q: Can I take levetiracetam during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
A: It is generally considered safe, but always discuss risks and benefits with your doctor.
Q: How do I know if levetiracetam is working?
A: Track your seizures and any side effects in a simple log. Discuss changes with your healthcare provider to adjust dosing if needed.
All of the possible uses, cautions, side effects, or interactions of this drug are not covered in this handout. If you want more information about this medication, ask your child’s doctor, pharmacist, or nurse. This information handout does not pertain to pregnancy or breastfeeding—talk to your doctor if this is a concern.
This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider about medications and treatment decisions.